網絡滋擾行為的刑法規制
網絡安全與數據治理
陳佳雯
江蘇省宿遷市中級人民法院
摘要： 網絡滋擾行為是指借助網絡之手對特定人實施糾纏、追蹤、監視、曝光身份等具有反復持續性的行為。該行為雖滋生于虛擬網絡，但危害后果最終會“落地”現實生活。其不僅侵犯公民的精神安寧領地，還會演化為更加嚴重的暴力犯罪。近年來，網絡滋擾普遍多發卻未能受到有效遏制。究其原因，我國非刑事法律對該類行為規制力度不足以及相關罪名的解釋適用出現困境。為了防阻網絡滋擾的蔓延，保護公民人身完整性，有必要在刑法中增設跟蹤糾纏罪，運用冒犯原則加以正當化。在罪狀構想上，建議先采取“危險犯”的立法模式，再對主客觀構成要件選擇性記述；在刑罰設置上，建議先定位輕罪再適用同類法定刑，保證量刑的均衡；在追訴機制上，建議將跟蹤糾纏罪歸屬于親告罪，由被害人告訴才處理。
中圖分類號：D920文獻標識碼：ADOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2025.02.011
引用格式：陳佳雯. 網絡滋擾行為的刑法規制［J］.網絡安全與數據治理，2025，44（2）：67-72.
引用格式：陳佳雯. 網絡滋擾行為的刑法規制［J］.網絡安全與數據治理，2025，44（2）：67-72.
Criminal law regulation of cyber harassment
Chen Jiawen
Suqian Intermediate People′s Court
Abstract： Cyberstalking is a persistent and repetitive behavior that targets specific individuals by harassing, pursuing, monitoring, and disclosing their identities through internet. Although it originates in the virtual world, its harmful consequences eventually manifest in real life. It not only infringes on the mental tranquility of citizens but also escalates into more severe violent crimes. In recent years, cyberstalking has become increasingly prevalent but has not been effectively curbed. The reasons for this include regulation by non-criminal laws in China and difficulties in the interpretation and application of related criminal charges. To prevent the proliferation of cyberstalking and protect the personal of citizens, it is necessary to add a new offense of stalking and harassment to the Criminal Law, which can be justified by the principle of offense. In terms of the elements of the crime, it is suggested to first adopt the model of "dangerous offense" in legislation, and then selectively describe the subjective and objective elements; in terms of punishment, it is suggested to first classify it as a minor offense and then apply the same statutory penalty to ensure balanced sentencing; in terms of the mechanism, it is suggested to classify the offense of stalking and harassment as a quasi-tort offense, to be prosecuted only upon the complaint of the victim.
Key words : cyber harassment; criminal law regulation; personal protection integrity
引言
針對網絡類犯罪，國內學者一直將目光聚焦于網絡詐騙、網絡賭博這些重點傳統犯罪，并沒有關注一些輕微型犯罪的危害。近些年來，國內“德陽安醫生游泳池事件”“王冰冰遭人肉曝光隱私事件”“劉學州事件”不斷上演，都客觀證實了網絡滋擾這一新型輕微犯罪現象的存在，已嚴重干擾到公民的精神安寧，呈犯罪化趨勢。網絡滋擾的表現形式通常是行為人通過各類即時通信媒介私自對他人多次實施騷擾、發送定位邀約、監視跟蹤網絡軌跡或者在網絡平臺傳播他人相關身份信息、發布對他人不利動態甚至假冒他人。一方面，這類行為往往會造成泛化負面影響，突破他人精神自由的邊界防線，形成心理壓制，令他人長期處于負面情緒中進而影響正常生活。另一方面，這類行為給被害人帶來心理和生活上的雙重壓力，損害被害人的社會功能，若不加以阻止，常常會演化為更嚴重的暴力犯罪。網絡滋擾與現實一般滋擾有何區別？網絡滋擾本身能否定罪？是否有必要鏡鑒域外經驗增設新罪對構成要件進行類型化思考？如何規制以營造良好的網絡環境？本文將對此加以研討。
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作者信息：
陳佳雯
（江蘇省宿遷市中級人民法院，江蘇宿遷223899）
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