從認(rèn)證全過程視角理解與完善個人信息保護(hù)認(rèn)證制度
網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理 11期
聶磊磊
（中國人民公安大學(xué)法學(xué)院，北京100038）
摘要： 個人信息保護(hù)認(rèn)證與個人信息跨境提供中其他出境制度相比，可以實現(xiàn)個人信息安全與自由流動之間的平衡，比安全評估制度具有更自由的流動性，比標(biāo)準(zhǔn)合同具有更穩(wěn)定的安全性。在全球數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)濟(jì)逐漸占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位的今天，個人信息保護(hù)認(rèn)證制度有其巨大的實施價值。同時，認(rèn)證機(jī)構(gòu)作為個人信息保護(hù)認(rèn)證中關(guān)鍵的一環(huán)，要求認(rèn)證機(jī)構(gòu)具有公平性和專業(yè)性的資質(zhì)，在認(rèn)證中保持客觀中立并發(fā)揮應(yīng)有的專業(yè)水平。然而，個人信息保護(hù)認(rèn)證制度在我國剛剛起步不久，相關(guān)法律規(guī)定還不完善，具體落實的幾個方面都存在不足，主要包括認(rèn)證前啟動、認(rèn)證中審查和認(rèn)證后擔(dān)責(zé)。因此，在認(rèn)證前啟動要秉持自愿認(rèn)證與強(qiáng)制認(rèn)證相結(jié)合；在認(rèn)證中擴(kuò)大可申請認(rèn)證的主體范圍，并建立分級分類認(rèn)證標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制度；在認(rèn)證后完善私法和公法雙重救濟(jì)途徑。
中圖分類號：TP315
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼：A
DOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2023.11.008
引用格式：聶磊磊.從認(rèn)證全過程視角理解與完善個人信息保護(hù)認(rèn)證制度［J］.網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理，2023，42（11）：39-45.
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼：A
DOI:10.19358/j.issn.2097-1788.2023.11.008
引用格式：聶磊磊.從認(rèn)證全過程視角理解與完善個人信息保護(hù)認(rèn)證制度［J］.網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與數(shù)據(jù)治理，2023，42（11）：39-45.
Understand and improve the personal information protection certification system from the perspective of the whole certification process
Nie Leilei
（School of Law,People′s Public Security University of China,Beijing 100038,China）
Abstract： Compared with other export systems in the cross-border provision of personal information, personal information protection certification can achieve a balance between personal information security and free flow, and has freer mobility than the security assessment system, and has more stable security than standard contracts. Today, when the global data economy is gradually dominant, the personal information protection certification system has great implementation value. At the same time, as a key part of personal information protection certification, certification bodies are required to have fair and professional qualifications, maintain objectivity and neutrality in certification and give full play to their due professional level. However, the personal information protection certification system has just started in China, and the relevant laws and regulations are not perfect, and there are deficiencies in several aspects of specific implementation, mainly including pre-certification start, certification review and post-certification responsibility. Therefore, the combination of voluntary certification and compulsory certification should be adhered to before certification; Expand the scope of subjects that can apply for certification in certification, and establish a hierarchical and classified certification standard system; Improve the dual remedies of private law and public law after certification.
Key words : personal information export; personal information protection certification; certification bodies; the whole process of certification; equity of interests
0引言
個人信息保護(hù)認(rèn)證是個人信息出境中與安全評估、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)合同并列的出境制度，除了法律等有例外規(guī)定的場合，一般個人信息出境都可以適用認(rèn)證制度。認(rèn)證制度在我國傳統(tǒng)領(lǐng)域經(jīng)常適用，但自《個人信息保護(hù)法》實施后，個人信息保護(hù)認(rèn)證制度才開始運用于我國個人信息出境的場景。雖然運用至今仍在不斷發(fā)布指南為其具體落實提供指引，但實施的效果差強(qiáng)人意。因此，有必要對個人信息保護(hù)認(rèn)證制度實施以來的情況進(jìn)行分析，以實現(xiàn)個人信息安全與自由流動之間的利益衡平。
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作者信息：
聶磊磊
（中國人民公安大學(xué)法學(xué)院，北京100038）
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