引言

　　由于移動通信等技術(shù)的迅猛發(fā)展，對車載設備電源提出了更高的要求。急需一種將汽車電瓶的12V電壓轉(zhuǎn)換為16V,18.5V,24V等多路輸出的電源，要求每路輸出的電流" title="電流">電流可以達到7A。由于市面上的升壓" title="升壓">升壓DC" title="DC">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" 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title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/" title="DC/">DC/DC達不到電流需求，目前常采用將12V電瓶電壓逆變到交流220V,再由交流220V產(chǎn)生直流18.5V等多路輸出的方法，雖然其可以達到電流需求，但電源經(jīng)過兩次轉(zhuǎn)換后，電源效率將大幅度降低，大約只有60%左右，這樣的轉(zhuǎn)換效率對汽車電瓶供電是很難接受的。

　　針對這一問題，該文提出基于兩相步進升壓型DC/DC控制器LT3782設計大電流輸出的升壓型DC/DC模塊的方法。

　　1　LT3782簡介

　　LT3782是美國凌力爾特公司生產(chǎn)的兩相步進升壓型DC/DC控制器，28引腳SSOP封裝芯片，開關(guān)頻率在150～500kHz之間可編程，由于采用兩相BOOST拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)。對輸出場效應管漏電流和肖特基二極管通過電流的要求都減少一半，即兩個輸出相位差180°，兩個輸出間互相抑制輸出紋波電流，輸出紋波是單相BOOST轉(zhuǎn)換電路的1/3。電源效率高，對散熱的要求小。圖1是LT3782的管腳圖，第29引腳是芯片底部的散熱腳。27引腳連接輸入電源；4引腳接地；11引腳用來設定開關(guān)頻率；20和23BGATE引腳用來驅(qū)動場效應管的柵極；8,9,12和13SENSE引腳用來反饋場效應管的輸出電流；16引腳是輸出電壓反饋引腳，該腳電壓為2.44V,通過反饋電阻可以設定輸出電壓值。17引腳是低電壓關(guān)斷引腳，當該引腳的電壓大于2.45V時，器件才開始工作，當該引腳的電壓小于0.3V時，器件進入低電壓關(guān)斷模式。14引腳是軟啟動引腳，當加電時，輸出電壓從0V漸變到設定的輸出電壓值，典型的啟動時間可以由下式計算：

　　式中：C為連接14引腳到地的電容值，單位為μF;t為典型的啟動時間。

　　2　電路實現(xiàn)

　　2.1　開關(guān)電源總體設計

　　電路實現(xiàn)如圖2所示，12V汽車電瓶電壓經(jīng)過插頭JP1和R5給LT3782供電，LT3782產(chǎn)生的兩相振蕩輸出驅(qū)動N溝道場效應管Q1和Q2,場效應管輸出分別經(jīng)肖特基二極管D1和D2整流后，由電容C7濾波輸出。

　　2.2　開關(guān)電源參數(shù)設定

　　圖2中，電阻R1用來設定LT3782的開關(guān)頻率，LT3782的開關(guān)頻率在150～500kHz之間可編程。這里選取開關(guān)頻率為250kHz,參照圖3取電阻值R1=75kHz。

　　參照LT3782數(shù)據(jù)手冊，通過輸入/輸出電壓關(guān)系和占空比可以推算出N溝道場效應管的峰值電流約為15A。通過設定電阻R8和R10的阻值可以設定電源的限制電流，避免電源電流過大，燒壞后面電路。LT3782的SENSE管腳的域值電壓為60mV,因而電阻R8和R10的阻值為0.004Ω。

　　輸出電壓是通過設定電阻R13,R7和R11的比例關(guān)系來設定的，LT3782的FB腳電壓為2.44V參考電壓，這樣輸出電壓可以通過下式計算：

　　Vout=2.44[1+（R13+R7）/R11]

　　汽車電瓶的過放電保護是通過設定該電源的最低工作電壓實現(xiàn)的。當LT3782的RUN管腳電壓高于2.45V時，該電源才能正常工作，通過電阻R6和R9的分壓，使汽車電瓶電壓在大于10V時，該電源才能正常工作，避免了電瓶的過放電。

　　3　電路測試

　　為了驗證該開關(guān)電源性能，采用如圖4所示的方法進行驗證。因為該電源的輸入電流較大，輸入的直流電源采用安捷倫的6574A2J07。它的輸出電流最高可達42A,輸出電壓在0～50V范圍內(nèi)可調(diào)，輸出負載采用建伍的PEL1022201,通過它可以直觀地看到輸出電壓和電流情況。經(jīng)過驗證，該電路完全滿足使用單位需求。

　　4　結(jié)語

　　基于美國凌力爾特公司生產(chǎn)的兩相步進升壓型DC/DC控制器LT3782,設計了一款大電流輸出的升壓型DC/DC模塊。該模塊在12V汽車電瓶供電下，根據(jù)需要可以提供高達7A電流的24V,18.5V等多種輸出，由于采用兩相DC/DC新技術(shù)，電源效率達到90%以上。比電源經(jīng)過轉(zhuǎn)換到交流220V后，再轉(zhuǎn)換成所需電壓的方法，效率明顯提高，符合當前建設節(jié)約型社會的發(fā)展方向，實用性更強。